Answer to Question 1
Jack Welch coined the term boundaryless organization to describe his idea of what he wanted GE to become. He wanted to eliminate vertical and horizontal boundaries within GE and break down external barriers between the company and its customers and suppliers. The boundaryless organization seeks to eliminate the chain of command, to have limitless spans of control, and to replace departments with empowered teams. By removing vertical boundaries, management flattens the hierarchy. Status and rank are minimized.
Today most large U.S. companies see themselves as global corporations and may well do as much business overseas as in the United States. As a result, many companies struggle with the problem of how to incorporate geographic regions into their structure. The boundaryless organization provides one solution because it considers geography more of a tactical, logistical issue than a structural one. In short, the goal of the boundaryless organization is to break down cultural barriers. One way to do so is through strategic alliances. These alliances blur the distinction between one organization and another as employees work on joint projects.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: C
Leaf organization
Gram + Cocci Concept Map
The Concept of Pressure
Organization of the Cerebral Cortex
Levels of Ecological Organization
levels of organizations