In an ex post facto investigation, a positive relationship was ...

[washai]

In an ex post facto investigation, a positive relationship was found between self-esteem (X) and reading achievement (Y). A plausible explanation for this finding is:
 
  a. X causes Y
  b. Y causes X.
  c. a third variable causes both X and Y.
  d. a and b
  e. a, b, and c

Question 2

Generalization from the accessible population to the target population is assessed
 
  a. statistically.
  b. judgmentally.
  c. through hindsight.
  d. through the use of the generalization coefficient.

[qytan]

Answer to Question 1

E

Answer to Question 2

B