Regarding ways to avoid groupthink, what is the goal of using the risk technique?
a. It allows groups to adopt different perspectives in order to create a mechanism that will instigate thinking more carefully about problems.
b. It creates an atmosphere in which team members can express doubts and raise criticisms without fear of rejection or team hostility.
c. It allows team members to assume the perspective of other constituencies with a stake in the decision.
d. It gives teams an opportunity to identify a second solution as an alternative to their first choice.
Question 2
Research has found that instigating and upholding task-oriented conflicts in the decision-making process can be a strategy to counteract biased information seeking.
One conflict-stimulating procedure involves assigning a counterargument role to a group member. When consensus on a particular decision solution has emerged, the contrary employee tries to identify all weaknesses inherent in it. The group must then react to this criticism, and see if the arguments put forth can be invalidated. This procedure is an example of what type of dissent?
a. Devil's advocate procedure
b. Abilene paradox
c. Escalation of commitment
d. Confirmation bias
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