Answer to Question 1
rix structures are complex organizational structures that use a dual focus, combining both functional and divisional groupings. The major advantage of such an approach is that it potentially combines the efficiency of a functional focus with the market responsiveness of a divisional focus, allowing for both specialization and innovation. Because many organizations operate in complex and dynamic environments, a complex and dynamic structure such as the matrix is a requirement. However, using matrix structures effectively is not easy.
One disadvantage of a matrix structure is the dual reporting relationship. If one is a market analyst housed in product line C, who is your boss: the manager of product line C or the head of marketing? The answer, of course, is: both. In order to achieve the desired complexity of focus, one will be reporting to and expected to be responsive to both simultaneously. The notion of dual reporting relationships violates one of our most deeply held assumptions about the desirability of a clear and unified chain of command in organizations
Answer to Question 2
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Transfer RNA (tRNA) Structure
Overview of protein structure and function
The complex structure of the hemoglobin protein.
The sequence and postulated structure of glycophorin A
Structure of cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV)