Refer to Exhibit 10-9. Students falling below the 10th percentile on a reading achievement test later receive higher scores on a similar test; students above the 90th percentile receive lower scores on the second test administration.
a. experimental mortality
b. reactive effect of testing
c. statistical regression
d. maturation
e. instrumentation
Question 2
Which of the following would represent a variable that could be manipulated in an experiment?
a. Lecture vs. discussion method of teaching
b. High vs. low socioeconomic status of subjects
c. Male vs. female subjects
d. College prep vs. vocational curriculum
e. High vs. low scorers on an aptitude test