Author Question: In about 100 words, explain the differences between a closed (or proprietary) architecture and an ... (Read 93 times)

RYAN BANYAN

  • Hero Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 563
In about 100 words, explain the differences between a closed (or proprietary) architecture and an open architecture. In your answer, be sure to explain which is used for the Internet and why it is used.

Question 2

Briefly describe the functions performed by routers in an interconnected network.



briezy

  • Sr. Member
  • ****
  • Posts: 347
Answer to Question 1

The first packet-switched network, the ARPANET, connected only a few universities and research centers. Following its inception in 1969, this experimental network grew during the next few years and began using the Network Control Protocol (NCP). In the early days of computing, each computer manufacturer created its own protocol, so computers made by different manufacturers could not be connected to each other. This practice was called proprietary architecture or closed architecture. NCP was designed so it could be used by any computer manufacturer and was made available to any company that wanted it. This open architecture philosophy that was developed for the evolving ARPANET, included the use of a common protocol for all computers connected to the Internet and four key rules for message handling:



  • Independent networks should not require any internal changes to be connected to the network.

  • Packets that do not arrive at their destinations must be retransmitted from their source network.

  • Router computers act as receive-and-forward devices; they do not retain information about the packets that they handle.


No global control exists over the network

Answer to Question 2

As an individual packet travels from one network to another, the computers through which the packet travels determine the most efficient route for getting the packet to its destination. The most efficient route changes from second to second, depending on how much traffic each computer on the Internet is handling at each moment.
The computers that decide how best to forward each packet are called routing computers, router computers, routers, gateway computers (because they act as the gateway from a LAN or WAN to the Internet), border routers, or edge routers.



Related Topics

Need homework help now?

Ask unlimited questions for free

Ask a Question
 

Did you know?

Asthma occurs in one in 11 children and in one in 12 adults. African Americans and Latinos have a higher risk for developing asthma than other groups.

Did you know?

ACTH levels are normally highest in the early morning (between 6 and 8 A.M.) and lowest in the evening (between 6 and 11 P.M.). Therefore, a doctor who suspects abnormal levels looks for low ACTH in the morning and high ACTH in the evening.

Did you know?

More than 34,000 trademarked medication names and more than 10,000 generic medication names are in use in the United States.

Did you know?

Although not all of the following muscle groups are commonly used, intramuscular injections may be given into the abdominals, biceps, calves, deltoids, gluteals, laterals, pectorals, quadriceps, trapezoids, and triceps.

Did you know?

Inotropic therapy does not have a role in the treatment of most heart failure patients. These drugs can make patients feel and function better but usually do not lengthen the predicted length of their lives.

For a complete list of videos, visit our video library