The layer of Internet architecture that ties the applications to the communications network and includes such services as security and authentication is called the:
A) Network Technology Substrate layer.
B) Middleware Services layer.
C) Transport Services and Representation Standards layer.
D) Applications layer.
Question 2
When talking about the physical elements of the Internet, the term redundancy refers to:
A) transmitting multiple copies of a single packet to safeguard against data loss.
B) the use of tiered high-speed switching computers to connect the backbone to regional and local networks.
C) delays in messages caused by the uneven flow of information through the network.
D) multiple duplicate devices and paths in a network built so that data can be rerouted if a breakdown occurs.
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