After the tragedy of 9-11, certain organizations and critics claimed that the government should have known that something like it was about to occur and that had the intelligence agencies used the information they already had, 9-11 could have been prevented. This should have known view characterizes ____.
a. the framing effect
b. hindsight bias
c. retroactive bias
d. overconfidence
Question 2
Jackson tends to be very certain of his prowess as an investor, even though he has a very poor track record. Because of ____, he is likely to continue to rely on his own judgment even when he loses more money.
a. the exclusion fallacy
b. subjective probability
c. the framing effect
d. overconfidence
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