Answer to Question 1
Two principles underlying word meanings are the principle of conventionality and the principle of contrast. The principle of conventionality simply states that meanings of words are determined by conventionsthey have a meaning upon which people agree. According to the principle of contrast, different words have different meanings. Thus, when you have two different words, they represent two things that are at least slightly different.
Answer to Question 2
Language is the use of an organized means of combining words to communicate with those around us. It also makes it possible to think about things and processes we currently cannot see, hear, feel, touch, or smell. These things include ideas that may not have any tangible form.
Even so, not all communicationexchan ge of thoughts and feelingsis through language. Communication encompasses other aspects: Nonverbal communication, such as gestures or facial expressions, can be used to embellish or to indicate. Glances serve many purposes. For example, sometimes they are deadly, other times, seductive. Communication also can include touches, such as handshakes, hits, and hugs. These are only a few of the ways we can communicate.
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Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart.
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