Answer to Question 1
The hippocampus is essential to encoding new memories. For example, H.M., whose hippocampus was damaged in surgery intended to control his epilepsy, suffered severe anterograde amnesia, and was unable to remember events occurring after his surgery.
Answer to Question 2
Implicit memory involves the use information from memory without being consciously aware of doing so. For example, when reading a cognitive psychology text, we unconsciously remember various thingsthe meanings of particular words, some of the cognitive-psychological concepts we read about in earlier chapters, and even how to read. These recollections are aided by implicit memory.