Answer to Question 1
A
Answer to Question 2
Depending on the data being transmitted, UDP can be the better choice than TCP. Because UDP does not require the sender and receiver to establish a connection before sending data, time is saved, increasing efficiency. The sending host simple begins to transmit its UDP packets. If a message requires more than one datagram, the sent datagrams are treated independently. This means that the datagrams may take different routes to their ultimate destination and likely will not arrive in sequence. UDP leaves it to higher-level services on the receiving host's end to determine whether all packets have been received, whether any of the packets received have errors, and to place the packets back in order. As a result, at the transport layer, UDP can provide greater efficiency, but at the potential cost of high-layer services having to do more work. UDP does not provide for packet acknowledgment, error detection and control, or flow control. Because UDP does not support these services, it has far less overhead than TCP. With less overhead, UDP can be more efficient, assuming that all packets arrive with no errors at the receiving host. Also, because UDP packets are independent of each other, they can be routed through different links, unlike a TCP transmission. This means that if a UDP datagram encounters a bad or congested link, it can be routed around the problem area. Under the right circumstances, then, UDP can be the preferred delivery option.
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Flowchart illustrating how genetic information encoded in DNA produces protein