Which change theory is based on the idea that organizations are ...

[KWilfred]

Which change theory is based on the idea that organizations are open systems?
 
  a. Systems theory c. Freeze-unfreeze theory
  b. Chaos theory d. Learning organization theory

Question 2

Of the traditional change theories that have been discussed, which one has the most steps or parts in its process?
 
  a. Force-Field Model c. Havelock's Change Model
  b. Lippitt's Phases of Change d. Diffusion of Innovations Theory

[Ksh22]

Answer to Question 1

D
Peter Senge's (1990) learning organization theory is defined on five learning disciplines but is based on the premise that organizations are open systems. Systems theory emphasizes a system as a whole with differing parts or aspects that effect change, but these systems can be open or closed. Chaos theory is based on the concept that chaos has some form of order and this order emerges through repeated fluctuation and chaotic events, but does not deal with open systems. Lewin's (1951) Force-Field Model is the only one of these change theories that is not referred to as an emerging change theory and utilizes the unfreeze-move-refreeze format.

Answer to Question 2

B
Lippitt's (1958) Seven Phases of Change has the most steps in its process. These seven steps are: 1) diagnose the problem, 2) assess motivation and capacity for change, 3) assess change agent's motivation and resources, 4) select progressive change objective, 5) choose appropriate role of change agent, 6) maintain change, and 7) terminate helping relationship. Lewin's (1951) Force-Field Model has three steps, Havelock's (1973) Change Model has six steps or phases, and Roger's (1995) Diffusion of Innovations Theory has five steps.