Answer to Question 1
C
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Research utilization (RU) is the use of findings from disciplined research in a practical application that is unrelated to the original research. Evidence-based practice is broader than RU because it integrates research findings with other factors. Several models of EBP, such as the Iowa Model, have distinguished two types of stimulus (triggers) for an EBP endeavor(1) problem-focused triggersthe identification of a clinical practice problem in need of solution, or (2) knowledge-focused triggersreadings in the research literature. A second catalyst for an EBP project is the research literatureknowledge-focused triggers, which is the origin akin to research utilization.
Answer to Question 2
1
Rationale 1: Ratio level data have categories that are mutually exclusive and exhaustive, can be rank ordered, with equal distance between rank and no absolute zero.
Rationale 2: Interval level of measurement concerns data that not only can be placed into categories and ranked, but also requires that the distance between the ranks can be specified. Body temperature is an example of interval scale.
Rationale 3: Data that can be rank ordered, as well as placed into categories, are considered to be at the ordinal level of measurement. An example is categorizing anxiety levels such as mild, moderate, and severe.
Rationale 4: Nominal level of measurement includes mutually exclusive categories that are exhaustive. Examples are gender, religious affiliation, marital status, and political party membership.
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