Answer to Question 1
Ans: D
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Benner identified five stages of competency in clinical nursing practice: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Within each stage are levels of achievement that are expressed in measurable behavioral objectives. AAOHN has cross-referenced and stated behavioral objectives for the OHN in three of these stages: competent, proficient, and expert. The competent nurse is one who is confident and a master, with an ability to cope with specific situations. There is less of a need to rely on the judgment of peers and other professionals. The proficient nurse is one with the ability to perceive client situations on the basis of past experiences, with a focus on relevant aspects of the situation. The nurse is able to predict expected events in certain situations and recognize that protocols must be altered at times to meet the needs of the client. The expert nurse is one who has extensive experience with a broad knowledge base that enables the nurse to grasp a situation quickly and initiate action. The nurse has a sense of salience grounded in practice guiding actions and priorities.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: A, B, D
Feedback:
Contaminated body fluids, poisonous plants, and venomous snakes are examples of biological hazards. Diesel exhaust and aerosols are examples of chemical exposure.
The health history can be gathered from many sources
B, The nurse teaches the postoperative client to use an incentive spirometer to expand the lungs.
Review of Health and Illness over the Adult Years
Physical Geography and Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues