The nurse is participating in study that considers the effect ...

[ap345]

The nurse is participating in study that considers the effect that use of netting around beds has on the incidence of malaria in a community of subjects in Africa. Which type of study would be best for this purpose?
 
  A) Cohort
  B) Case-control
  C) Preventive
  D) Therapeutic

Question 2

The nurse is conducting a study on heart clients who are actively involved in exercise programs following a heart attack. The nurse should consider which as a threat to internal validity?
 
  A) Some subjects run faster on the treadmill when a researcher walks through the room.
  B) Including an exciting new cross-fit training program as one of the exercise options that can accommodate a few of the study subjects
  C) Your fervent belief from personal experience that intense cardiovascular exercise can speed recovery and prevent further heart attacks
  D) Using a variety of stationary bicycles for stress testing

[Bison]

Answer to Question 1

Ans: C
Feedback:
A preventive study is focused on the effect of measures to prevent the occurrence of disease in subjects. Cohort studies, sometimes referred to as longitudinal studies, are prospective studies that monitor subjects over time to find associations between risk factors and health outcomes. In their simplest form, a sample (cohort) of subjects who are exposed to the risk factor(s) is matched with a sample of subjects not exposed to the risk factor. Cohort studies attempt to find cause-and-effect relationships. Case-control studies, also known as retrospective studies, work backward from the effect to the suspected cause. Subjects are selected on the basis of the presence or absence of the disease or outcome in question: one group of people (case-subjects) with the health problem and another group without the health problem (controls). The two groups are then compared to determine the presence of specific exposures or risk factors. Therapeutic trials are based on secondary prevention, which focuses on limiting the spread of disease, and where the treatment (independent variable) is manipulated by the researcher.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: D
Feedback:
A threat to internal validity is instrumentation, which refers to changes in the measurement instrument used in the study and which results in inconsistent data collection. Threats to external validity include reactivity, novelty, and experimenter/participant effect.

[ap345]

TYSM

[peter]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it