Which of these statements is correctly phrased as a clinical ...

[vicotolentino]

Which of these statements is correctly phrased as a clinical question for evidence-based practice?
 
  a. What is the best method to insert an enteral feeding tube in an adult patient?
  b. Are there differences in the characteristics of various brands of enteral feeding tubes?
  c. In addition to aspiration, what are the most problematic complications of enteral tube feedings?
  d. What method of determining stomach placement of enteral feeding tubes helps to prevent aspiration in adult patients?

Question 2

A nurse states the purpose of a research study as, This study will compare the effect of warm and cold applications on the resolution of intravenous (IV) infiltrations in hospitalized older-adult patients in the early postoperative period.
 
  In this statement, what constitutes the independent variable(s)?
  a. Postoperative older adult patients
  b. Early postoperative period
  c. Warm and cold applications
  d. Resolution of IV infiltrations

[hramirez205]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D

Feedback
A This statement includes an intervention (insertion of an enteral feeding tube) and a population (adult patients) but does not include the other PICO elements.
B This statement includes comparison (differences between feeding tubes) but does not include the other PICO elements.
C This statement includes only a problem and needs to be further refined to include the PICO elements.
D This statement is worded as a clinical question and includes the four PICO elements: population (adult patients), intervention (methods of determining stomach placement), comparison (among methods), and outcome (prevent aspiration).

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C

Feedback
A Postoperative older adult patients represent the population to be studied.
B Early postoperative period indicates the timing of the intervention.
C Warm and cold applications represent the independent variables, which will be manipulated and influence the dependent (outcome) variable resolution of IV infiltrations.
D Resolution of IV infiltrations represents the dependent (outcome) variable of the study.

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