A study examines the careers of hospital nurses who opt for ...

[pragya sharda]

A study examines the careers of hospital nurses who opt for retirement before the age of 55, examining their education, work shift, and final work area, and the religion in which they were raised. This is an example of which type of study?
 
  a. Prospective cohort
  b. Retrospective cohort
  c. Population-based
  d. Cost-effectiveness analysis

Question 2

Which of the following is a prospective cohort study?
 
  a. All of the children in Toledo, Ohio, are weighed and measured to obtain an accurate statistic for malnutrition occurrence.
  b. A physician's records are analyzed to identify how many of his patients have remained in his care for more than 20 years.
  c. The citizens of a city experiencing a nuclear accident are tracked for cancer occurrence.
  d. A database is accessed to identify mortality rate in patients with sepsis.

[BAOCHAU2803]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
A retrospective cohort study is an epidemiological study in which the researcher identifies a group of people who have experienced a particular event. A prospective cohort study is an epidemiological study in which a group of people are identified who are at risk for experiencing a particular event. In a population-based study, all cases of a condition occurring in the defined population are included, rather than only patients treated at a particular facility, because the latter could introduce a selection bias. Conditions must be studied in the context of the patient's community rather than of the medical system. With this method, all cases of a condition occurring in the defined population are included, rather than only patients treated at a particular health care facility, because the latter could introduce a selection bias. Cost-effectiveness analyses compare different ways of accomplishing a clinical goal, such as diagnosing a condition, treating an illness, or providing a service.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
A prospective study is an epidemiological study in which the researcher identifies a group of people who are at risk for experiencing a particular event. Sample sizes for these studies often must be very large, particularly if only a small portion of the at-risk group will experience the event. The entire group is followed over time to determine the point at which the event occurs, variables associated with the event, and outcomes for those who experienced the event compared with those who did not.

[pragya sharda]

TYSM

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