A school nurse researcher studying bullying discovers that the ...

[anshika]

A school nurse researcher studying bullying discovers that the type of victimization she is observing is different for different racial groups and genders within her school district.
 
  She wants to study the effect of peer support on bullying and chooses to make sure that the experimental and control groups, although randomly assigned, contain equal percentages of children of all races. What does this strategy exemplify?
  a. Carryover
  b. Blocking
  c. Counterbalancing
  d. Sequencing

Question 2

If a researcher plans to study graduate-level achievement in all students who were educated under the Vermont public school system,
 
  in a small town that used both state-mandated texts and enrichment texts of the school board's choosing, the researcher would be using a fairly small sample, bound by geography and time. Which type of validity is decreased by a study like this one?
  a. Construct validity
  b. Statistical conclusion validity
  c. External validity
  d. Internal validity

[briezy]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
In blocking, the researcher includes subjects with various levels of an extraneous variable in the sample but controls the numbers of subjects at each level of the variable and their random assignment to groups within the study. Designs using blocking are referred to as randomized block designs. The extraneous variable is then used as an independent variable in the data analysis. Therefore, the extraneous variable must be included in the framework and the study hypotheses.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
External validity is concerned with the extent to which study findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study. If the sample IS the historical population, the findings can be generalized only to predict accomplishment in subsequent cohorts. Statistical conclusion validity is concerned with whether the conclusions about relationships or differences drawn from statistical analysis are an accurate reflection of the real world: did the researcher use the right statistical tests in the proper way? Internal validity is the extent to which the effects detected in the study are a true reflection of reality rather than the result of extraneous variables: did the change in one variable really account for the change in the other variable? Construct validity examines the fit between the conceptual definitions and operational definitions of variables: are the study ideas measured in a way that makes sense?

[anshika]

Excellent

[chjcharjto14]

TYSM