Simple descriptive statistics may be used to depict the sample ...

[tatyanajohnson]

Simple descriptive statistics may be used to depict the sample characteristics, reflecting demographic variable values, in which kind of research?
 
  a. Quantitative research only
  b. Qualitative research only
  c. Both quantitative and qualitative research
  d. Only when data has been extracted from an electronic database

Question 2

The intervention that the researcher manipulates is the _____ variable.
 
  a. Independent
  b. Demographic
  c. Extraneous
  d. Dependent

[Joc]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Demographic variables are attributes of the subjects that are measured during the study and used to describe the sample. Demographic variables are presented as the sample characteristics, using simple descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage, in both quantitative and qualitative research.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
In quantitative research, the independent variable (intervention, treatment, or experimental variable) is manipulated or varied by the researcher to cause an effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable (response or outcome variable) is measured to examine the effect created by the independent variable. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the response behavior or outcome that the researcher wants to predict or explain. Extraneous variables exist in all studies and can affect the measurement of study variables and the relationships among them. Extraneous variables are of primary concern in quantitative studies, because they can obscure one's understanding of the relational or causal dynamics within the studies. The extraneous variables that are not recognized until the study is in process or are recognized before the study is initiated but cannot be controlled are referred to as confounding variables. Demographic variables are attributes of the subjects that are measured during the study and used to describe the sample.