Author Question: Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis: Cancer patients who receive music ... (Read 108 times)

c0205847 · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis: Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy.

a. Complaints of pain
b. Incidence of cancer
c. Music therapy
d. Pain medication use

Question 2

A research question focuses on:

a. the characteristics of a variable.
b. the framework for conducting the investigation.
c. what relationships might exist among variables.
d. the framework for conducting the investigation, which variables are to be manipulated.

olderstudent · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. In this example, music therapy is the treatment that is being used to manipulate frequency of pain and amount of required pain medication, a stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher.
The number of pain complaints would be a dependent variable. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. In this example, music therapy is the treatment that is being used to manipulate frequency of pain and amount of required pain medication, a stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher.
The incidence of cancer is a criterion for inclusion in the study. In this example, music therapy is the treatment that is being used to manipulate frequency of pain and amount of required pain medication, a stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher.
Pain medication use is a dependent variable. An independent variable is a stimulus or activity that is manipulated or varied by the researcher to create an effect on the dependent variable. In this example, music therapy is the treatment that is being used to manipulate frequency of pain and amount of required pain medication, a stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
A research question focuses on description of variables or concepts, examination of relationships among variables, and determination of differences between two or more groups regarding selected variables.
The characteristic of a variable is given in the operational definition. A research question focuses on description of variables or concepts, examination of relationships among variables, and determination of differences between two or more groups regarding selected variables.
The framework for conducting the investigation comes from the researcher and is described in the literature review. A research question focuses on description of variables or concepts, examination of relationships among variables, and determination of differences between two or more groups regarding selected variables.
The variables to be manipulated are stated in the research design. A research question focuses on description of variables or concepts, examination of relationships among variables, and determination of differences between two or more groups regarding selected variables.