Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
Health pamphlets alone had little effect, so health-visiting services enlisted home visitors to distribute health information to the poor. Eventually, although Nightingale thought district nurses should be the health teachers, district nurses provided care for the sick while the health visitor provided health information in the home.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
The nursing service adopted the philosophy of meeting health needs of aggregates including social, economic, and environmental determinants of health. This aggregate approach empowered people of the community. A later director summarized their role as one of helping people to help themselves. Because they were empowering others, the other statements do not fit this philosophy.