Answer to Question 1
False
Answer to Question 2
Social movements differ from other forms of collective action such as interest
groups and political parties in three ways. First, relative to other forms of collective
action, social movements attempt to attract followers by making broad, abstract
appeals, and are less likely to offer concrete enticements to get people to participate.
Relative to interest groups, social movements' appeals seek to resonate with individuals'
political identities rather than with narrower and more concrete political interests.
Second, compared to interest groups and political parties, social movements are
relatively informal organizations, and tend to have less hierarchical and more fluid
structures. This does not mean that social movements are spontaneous, such as riots or
protests. Even though they may not be as highly institutionalized as an interest group or
political party, social movements can and do often endure, whereas riots and protests
are typically ephemeral, even if they occur frequently. Third, compared to interest
groups and political parties, social movements tend to concentrate their activities to the
sphere of civil society rather than in the formal institutions of the state. Some social
movements even distance themselves from the government and engage in
consciousness-raising or educational activities designed to change the way people
think about an issue rather than directly lobbying the government to change a policy.
The world has been horrified recently at a U.S. Congress so polarized and paralyzed that it cannot p
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