The 1971 Supreme Court ruling in Lemon v. Kurtzman created what is often referred to as the Lemon test in determining the appropriate level of separation of church and state. Which of the following is NOT a standard or condition of the Lemon test?
a. The statute must have a secular purpose.
b. The statutes principal effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion.
c. The statute must not foster excessive entanglement with religion.
d. The role of state governments does not apply under the Lemon test; therefore, states may authorize religious cooperation.
e. The role of the government is to ensure that it takes a neutral stance regarding religion, so it does not prohibit it but also does not advocate for it.
Question 2
As a compromise to the prayer in schools ban, many districts instituted moments of silence. The 1985 Supreme Court case of Wallace v. Jaffree addressed this issue. What was the Courts ruling?
a. Moments of silence are fine as long as students are not coerced into participating.
b. Moments of silence are an acceptable alternative to prayer in school since there is no coercion toward a certain religion.
c. Moments of silence are unconstitutional because they are mandatory and are usually authorized in order to encourage religious prayers.
d. The Court skirted the issue and left the matter to the discretion of each states courts.
e. Moments of silence are acceptable if led by a student rather than a school official.
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