For well over 100 years, many Americans advocated that the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution applied only to federal government actions and that states were not bound by the amendments. How has this trend changed?
a. In the early twentieth century, Congress passed a law which allowed the Bill of Rights to be applied at the state level.
b. In the twentieth century, the Supreme Court began using a process called incorporation, which utilized the Fourteenth Amendment to hold states accountable to the Bill of Rights and the dictates of the First Amendment.
c. The Constitution was amended to require that its amendments be applied to state actions.
d. The Civil War decided this issue.
e. The civil rights movement of the mid-twentieth century brought attention to the lack of uniform enforcement and opened the door for Congress to pass laws that required states to recognize and apply the Bill of Rights.
Question 2
The Fourteenth Amendment is a broadly worded and widely utilized law. Its original intent, however, was to
a. protect freed slaves from discriminatory state laws.
b. ensure that the needs of the state governments were protected.
c. protect President Lincoln from impeachment during a time of war.
d. give citizens powerful rights against the government.
e. protect the government from overly aggressive citizens.
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