Why was the period spanning roughly 1837 to 1937 considered by ...

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Why was the period spanning roughly 1837 to 1937 considered by many scholars to be a period of dual federalism?
 
  a. During this time the state courts and the federal courts had equal powers and jurisdiction.
  b. The jurisdiction between the state and federal governments was hard to differentiate.
  c. The Supreme Court refused to give Congress the discretionary authority it enjoyed during earlier eras, yet the Court did not return to the doctrine of state sovereignty.
  d. The Supreme Court made rulings that returned our nation to a period that was even more committed to a strong central government.
  e. The pendulum would constantly swing between state powers and federal powers.

Question 2

Which court case re-affirmed McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and the national supremacy doctrine by stating that a federal license will override a state granted monopoly?
 
  a. Alden v. Maine (1999)
  b. New York v. United States (1992)
  c. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
  d. United States v. Lopez (1995)
  e. Printz v. United States (1997)

[Shshxj]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C