Business and trade groups are influential because of which of the ...

[Kikoku]

Business and trade groups are influential because of which of the following reasons?
 
  a. They frequently support third-party candidates.
  b. There are not very many of these types of groups.
  c. They are well financed.
  d. They rarely challenge the government.
  e. They do not use lobbyists.

Question 2

Should federal bureaucrats be granted discretion in the implementation of public policies?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[aadams68]

Answer to Question 1

c

Answer to Question 2

An ideal response will:
1, Define discretion as the ability of federal bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or presidential intentions.
2, Explain that agencies are often granted broad discretion, especially when Congress passes an ambiguous law.
3, Note that bureaucratic discretion may negatively affect democratic accountability in that civil service employees make important policy decisions, yet they are not directly accountable to the public via the electoral process.
4, Explain how bureaucratic discretion may serve public interest, especially in the case of regulatory commissions that exercise authority independently of the president and Congress. These agencies, such as the Federal Reserve Board, may need to be insulated from political pressure to make balanced or far-sighted decisions.
5, Take a position on the appropriateness of bureaucratic discretion in light of these competing perspectives.