Answer to Question 1
An ideal response will:
1, Define party identification as a long-term self-identification with a political party that becomes part of one's social identity.
2, Describe how party identification has weakened over time. While party identification used to be the single best predictor of someone's voting behavior, many Americans today are so-called floating voters who prefer to select the best candidate rather than the best party.
3, Note that younger voters are particularly likely to be floating voters or to support candidates who are not Democrats or Republicans.
Answer to Question 2
An ideal response will:
1, Define political efficacy as the belief that one's vote matters and can make a difference in elections.
2, Define civic duty as the belief that voting is important as a way of showing support for democratic government.
3, Explain how a high sense of civic efficacy boosts voter turnout, since believing that your vote matters mitigates the impact of the fact that any individual vote is unlikely to be the deciding factor in an election.
4, Explain how the belief that a good citizen should support democratic government by voting drives more voters to the polls.
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Party identification: 1952-2020