Answer to Question 1
Answer: An ideal response will:
1. Describe elite theory in terms of societies being divided into elites and masses. The elites have power to make and implement policy, while the masses simply respond to the desires of the elites. Elite theorists believe that an unequal distribution of power in society is normal and inevitable.
2. Describe bureaucratic theory as dictating that all institutions have fallen under the control of a large and ever-growing bureaucracy that carries out policy using standardized procedures, empowering bureaucrats at the expense of elected officials.
3. Describe special interest theory in terms of interest groups that control the governmental process.
4. Describe pluralism in terms of political resources that are scattered so widely that no single group could ever gain monopoly control over any substantial area of policy.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: An ideal response will:
1. Discuss the four pillars of the act: results-oriented accountability, state and local flexibility in the use of national funds, the national government as a purveyor of proven methods of achievement, and school choice through the use of vouchers, or certificates issued by the government.
2. Examine how each of these pillars improves, changes, or has failed to improve education.
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