Answer to Question 1
An ideal response will:
1. Compare nonviolent resistance and litigation, noting that both were techniques successfully used to advance the civil rights movement.
2. Contrast nonviolent resistance, noting that the former may involve breaking the law, while litigation entails using the law.
3. Make an argument that either nonviolent resistance or litigation was a more successful strategy during the civil rights movement. Nonviolent resistance led to public uproar in the North over discriminatory and segregationist laws in the South. This eventually led Congress to enact the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. Litigation, however, brought down Jim Crow laws (Brown v. Board) without using young people as human targets, as often occurred during direct action events.
Answer to Question 2
An ideal response will:
1. Explain that resident aliens enjoy fewer protections than U.S. citizens. They may not run for elective office, and their right to vote may be denied.
2. Identify protections that are extended to aliens, including freedom of religion and freedom of speech.
3. Explain that citizens and noncitizens alike are protected under the due process and equal protection clauses.
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