Answer to Question 1
Answer: B
Answer to Question 2
Answer: The ideal answer will include:
1. One general factor is the effects of colonialism. An example is the tendency to promote male-headed families in property administration and education.
2. Another factor is increased migration. Examples include more marriages between different ethnicities, pluralistic wedding arrangements, and changing fertility patterns (a family that has emigrated from an agricultural society is unlikely to have as many children if they settle in an industrial/digital society).
3. Another factor is globalization. An example is that the globalized economy creates areas of high unemployment in certain areas, leading to, for instance, the marriage crisis in sub-Saharan Africa that leaves many men unable to pay the necessary brideprice. Another example caused by economic pressure is the rise of multigenerational households (adult children living with parents, likely from economic necessity).
4. Another factor is increasing industrial/digital societies and decreasing agricultural societies. This results in fewer extended households and more nuclear households.
5. Another factor is higher education aspirations, especially among women. An effect of this is an increase in the average age at which people are married and have children.
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