A 77-year-old client has presented to the primary care provider ...

[lindiwe]

A 77-year-old client has presented to the primary care provider with a complaint of recent hematuria. Which of the following aspects of the client's history would most clearly signal to the care provider a risk of bladder cancer?
 
  A) The client has been a heavy drinker as an adult.
  B) The client has poor nutritional status and eats a high-salt diet emphasizing processed foods.
  C) The client has been a smoker since the age of 15.
  D) The client has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections.

Question 2

A 66-year-old man has undergone a digital-rectal exam (DRE) during a visit to his family physician. The exam reveals that the client's prostate has become enlarged since his last DRE.
 
  The most accurate conclusion that his care provider will draw from these findings is that they suggest: A) Prostate cancer
  B) A risk of malignancy that should be followed up
  C) A normal age-related change unlikely to have consequences
  D) A urinary tract infection

[lauravaras]

Answer to Question 1

C
Feedback:
Cigarette smoking is an identified risk factor for bladder cancer. Alcohol use, poor nutritional status, and urinary tract infections are not noted to be risk factors for bladder cancer.

Answer to Question 2

B
Feedback:
Prostatic enlargement is exceedingly common among older men, but represents a risk of malignancy that necessitates further assessment and follow-up. It is not a definitive sign of prostate cancer and is not indicative of a urinary tract infection.

[lindiwe]

Excellent

[samiel-sayed]

TYSM