Answer to Question 1
C
If intraabdominal pressure increases, then the patient can have dribbling. A UTI causes frequency as a result of irritation in the bladder. Emotional strain can cause frequency. Specific volume of urine in the bladder triggers reflex incontinence.
Answer to Question 2
c, a, b, d
a. As a potential cause of the new behaviors, the nurse reviews the medication list and looks for new medications, missed or increased doses, polypharmacy, and medications likely to cause psychotic behavior.
b. Third, after identifying possible pharmacological reasons, the nurse consults with the health care provider to consider adjustments to the pharmacotherapy.
c. The nurse's first task is to identify likely causes of psychotic behaviors to provide a framework for planning suitable nursing interventions.
d. Finally, to supplement removal of offending medications, the nurse promotes a trusting relationship with the older adult by expressing respect and concern.