Which of the following accurately describes 13C/12C ratios of plant materials and their use in climate reconstructions?
A) By analyzing the ratio of 13C/12C in marine phytoplankton, the source of the water in which the organisms resided can be determined.
B) Scientists can determine if conditions were wetter or drier, warmer or cooler, but analyzing the ratio of 12C to 13C.
C) 12C is very rare in nature. When it does appear in plant material, it is indicative of climate anomalies. By measuring the 13C/12C ratios, scientists can determine whether the plants were alive during normal or anomalous conditions.
D) Carbon is such a rare element on Earth that the 13C/12C ratios help scientists deduce glacial and interglacial cycles.
E) 13C is an unstable isotope, which decays at a constant rate. This is used to date plant material, which can then be used as a proxy for temperature and climate conditions at that time.
Question 2
A translational slide involves
A) a mudflow.
B) movement of surface material along a planar (flat) surface.
C) creep.
D) unconsolidated flow of material.
E) rotational movement of surface material.
Micrographs showing cytokinesis in animal and plant cells
This bleeding heart plant (the genus Dicentra) is an example of an angiosperm.
The life cycle of a flowering plant, illustrated by the genus Polygonum
C:N ratios differ a great deal among the tissues of pines and between the woody tissues of pines and
Plant
Graphs of Primary Trigonometric Ratios