Answer to Question 1
Clouds reflect a significant portion of the sunlight that strikes them back into space so they can reduce the amount of incoming solar radiation, and the daytime maximum temperature. At night, clouds have the opposite effect as during daylight. They act as a blanket by absorbing radiation emitted by Earth's surface and reradiating a portion of it back to the surface, keeping nighttime temperatures higherreducing the minimum.
Answer to Question 2
During the winter, the ITCZ is far to the south of Asia and the area is dominated by the prevailing NE tradewinds. These winds usher dry air from the interior of the continent into India and SE Asia, producing generally dry conditions. In the summer, as the ITCZ migrates north following the solar declination, the prevailing winds become southerly and carry moisture from the Indian Ocean into India and SE Asia. This moisture feeds into the ITCZ and creates plentiful rainfall, leading to a rainy summer season. In India, this effect is enhanced by the presence of the Himalayas, which add orographic lift and further increase precipitation.
Average Global Temperature Rise over the Past Century
Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo burial ship.
Measuring Axillary Temperature
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Temperature Regulation by the Hypothalamus