Answer to Question 1
Answer: D
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Water is a very important substance and plays a central role in Earth's energy budget, through a process called latent heat exchange. This process transfers tremendous amounts of energy from Earth's surface to the atmosphere, from low latitudes to high ones, and it is also the mechanism most influential in causing precipitation. When we convert water from one state to another (example: from ice to vapor), we transfer large amounts of energy. Latent energy plays a critical role in the movement of energy in the earth atmosphere system.
We can distinguish between two types of heat. These are sensible and latent heat. Sensible heat is detectable by our sense of touch. It is heat we can feel, from warm water or a hot pan, and can be measured with a thermometer. The atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and soil all have sensible heat. On the other hand, latent heat, is heat in storage in water and water vapor. Latent heat describes the heat that controls the state of water. Melting ice must absorb heat energy from its surroundings in order for the melting to occur. This is why ice melting in your hand feels so cold; t is absorbing heat from your hand.
Cutaway Model of Earth
Earth, water, air
The rock cycle and the Earth’s physical environment
Earth’s Spheres
Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle
Idealized Tidal Bulges on Earth