Answer to Question 1
Answer: There are many examples of how governments try to change human activities in their territories such as cultural identities and economic activities, to better fit the state. These include: the destruction of traditional loyalties, regional policies, religious assimilation, education, language and media, symbols, and public institutions.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Countries in which power is shared with the subunits are called federal governments. Federal structures have been used to localize governing authority in large countries, such as Canada and the United States. Strong local identities are a reason that some countries' internal units are older than the federal framework, and they participate in the federal system only on the condition that they may retain certain powers, for example, the original 13 United States. Canada was formed in 1867 as a federation of its provinces, which had been settled as English and French colonies. The country is today officially bilingual, although not all Canadians speak both languages. There are also native languages spoken by the indigenous populations of Canada and that are most common in the northern territories. Most of the land area of the United States was once federal territory, but the territories were organized, populated, and eventually admitted into the Union as states. The U.S. government still owns about one-third of the total national land area. The 1976 Federal Land Policy and Management Act requires the federal government to receive full value for any lands traded away, and Congress still wrestles with the question of how the federal government should exploit or preserve its lands. Today some 40 of Canada remains in territorial status.
Four main models that describe the relationship between ecosystem function and biodiversity.
African bush (savanna) elephant in Etosha National Park, Namibia.
Flamingo (Chilean National Zoo)
John Muir (right) with President Roosevelt at Yosemite National Park