Answer to Question 1
The two key categories of planned economies are socialism and communism.
Socialism is an economic system based on the principle that the government should own and operate key enterprises that directly affect public welfare, such as utilities, telecommunications, and healthcare. While the official government goal is to run these enterprises in the best interest of the overall public, inefficiencies and corruption often interfere with effectiveness. Socialist economies also tend to have higher taxes, which are designed to distribute wealth more evenly through society.
Communism is an economic and political system that calls for public ownership of virtually all enterprises, under the direction of a strong central government. The communist concept was the brainchild of political philosopher Karl Marx, who outlined its core principles in his 1848 Communist Manifesto. The communism that Marx envisioned was supposed to dramatically improve the lot of the worker at the expense of the super-rich.
Answer to Question 2
E