Consider the following test item.
Formative tests:
1 . are given at the beginning of instruction.
2 . are given at any time during instruction.
3 . are given at the end of instruction.
4 . are given when the teacher wants diagnostic information.
Based on guidelines for preparing multiple-choice items, which of the following is the most valid assessment of the item?
a. The item is appropriate as written.
b. More information should be included in the stem, so a clear problem or question is presented.
c. The stem should be written in the form of a question rather than as an incomplete statement.
d. The item is inappropriate for the multiple-choice format, and should be rewritten as a completion item.
Question 2
Which of the following is not an essential characteristic of effective assessments?
a. The assessment is aligned with the teacher's learning objectives.
b. The assessment is a form of positive reinforcement for students.
c. The assessment provides information about students' thinking.
d. The assessment promotes learning in students.
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