Answer to Question 1
Answer: A
Answer to Question 2
- Hume believed that both the state of nature idea and the voluntary social contract were fictional constructs that did not conform to obvious reality. Hume pointed out, Almost all the governments which exist at present, or of which there remains any record in history, have been founded originally either on usurpation or conquest or both, without any pretense of a fair consent or voluntary subjection of the people.
- Rawls agreed with Hume that the notion of people living in a state of nature and then assembling to enter into a social contract were historical fictions. Nevertheless, Rawls believed that we could still make productive use of these concepts by viewing them as theoretical constructs for understanding the nature, purpose, and authority of government and the state. For example, we can pose the question, If we were living in the 'state of nature' and wanted to enter into an agreement with others to create a social/political community, what kind of social/political system would we create? For Rawls, the concept of justice is necessarily tied to the concept of fairness. For a society to be truly just, it must be truly fair.
Distribution of glaciers in North America (a) in the late twentieth century, and (b) 18,000 years ag
Democritus' atomist philosophy was later adopted by Epicurus (341–270 BCE).
A reindeer sled, Arkhangelsk, Russia. Late nineteenth-century photochrom.
Nineteenth century etching of a lion tamer in a cage of lions
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