Answer to Question 1
- To say that something is more perfect than something else is to say that it closer approximates the perfect. One cannot determine that something falls short of a perfect standard unless that perfect standard is known. Therefore, the perfect must exist.
- There must exist a most perfect Being who is the cause of all the perfections that exist in beings containing lesser degrees of perfection
- Aquinas's fourth way to prove God's existence is his argument from the different degrees of perfection found in finite things.
Answer to Question 2
- Aquinas's second way of showing the existence of God was the nature of efficient cause.
- Aquinas believed that our understanding demands that there be a beginning point, whether it's an unchanging source of change or a first cause of all causal events.
- Since one thing must be caused by another, and these causes cannot go on infinitely, then it follows that there must be a first cause of all things.
- There is no case known (neither is it, indeed, possible) in which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of itself; for so it would be prior to itself, which is impossible.
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