Answer to Question 1
The basic principle is to have windows facing the Sun. In the winter, because of the Sun's angle of incidence, sunlight can come in and heat the interior of the building. At night, insulated drapes or shades can be pulled down to trap the heat inside. The well-insulated building, with appropriately made doors and windows, would act as its own best heat-storage unit. Excessive heat load in the summer can be avoided by using an awning or overhang to shield the windows from the high summer Sun.
A common criticism of solar heating is that a backup heating system is still required for periods of inclement weather. Good insulation is a major part of the answer to this criticism. The added construction cost is 510 above normal.
Answer to Question 2
Food chains describe where the energy and nutrients go as they move from one organism to another. The food web is all food chains that are interconnected and form a complex web of feeding relationships. Trophic levels are feeding levels in an ecosystem.
parabolic solar trough
Striking examples where high surface area releases heat.
The Geometry of a Total Solar Eclipse
Measuring Temperature Using a Heat-Sensitive Wearable Thermometer
A turbocharger uses some of the heat energy that would normally be wasted.
Cover heat source to slow cooling by placing a towel over it.