Author Question: How are plate tectonics and sediment deposition linked? What will be an ideal ... (Read 78 times)

wenmo · **on:** Jul 16, 2018

How are plate tectonics and sediment deposition linked?

What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

In learning about chemical reactions involving geologic materials, keep in mind the differences among elements, minerals, and rocks.

For each word listed below, indicate whether it refers to an element, a mineral, or a rock. If it refers to a mineral, list the elements that compose the mineral. If it refers to a rock, list the common minerals that compose the rock, and the elements that compose each mineral.
silicon quartz granite basalt
iron hematite calcium calcite
limestone halite rock salt biotite
aluminum kaolinite feldspar sandstone

What will be an ideal response?

TDubDCFL · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 16, 2018

Answer to Question 1

Tectonics creates a basin, and the sediments that infill the basin reveal relative tectonic activity of adjacent regions. For example, deposition of coarse volcanic grains indicates a recently formed steep-sided volcanic arc.

Answer to Question 2

silicon element (Si); quartz mineral with silicon (Si) and oxygen (O); granite rock, with sodium feldspar (Na, Al, Si, O), potassium feldspar (K, Al, Si, O), quartz (Si, O), biotite (K, Mg, Fe, Al, Si, O, OH ion), amphibole (Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Si, Al, O, OH); basalt rock, with olivine (Mg, Fe, Si, O), pyroxene (Mg, Fe, Si, O), plagioclase feldspar (Na, Ca, Al, Si, O); iron element (Fe); hematite mineral with iron (Fe) and oxygen (O); calcium element (Ca); calcite mineral with calcium (Ca), carbon (C), and oxygen (O); limestone rock, made up of calcite (Ca, C, O); halite mineral with sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl); rock salt rock, made up of halite (Na, Cl); biotite mineral with potassium (K), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), and hydroxyl ion(OH); aluminum element (Al); kaolinite mineral with aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), hydroxyl ion (OH); feldspar mineral, potassium variety has K, Al, Si, O, sodium variety has Na, Al, Si, O, and plagioclase has Na, Ca, Al, Si, and O; sandstone rock, made up of sand-sized grains but does not infer composition of grains; quartz (Si, O) is usually most common.