Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
D. Correct response: VAP should be suspected if two or more of the following clinical features are present:
Purulent respiratory secretions
Body temperature 35.5 C (>38 C and <36 c)
Leukopenia
Pao2 65 mm Hg (hypoxemia)
Once VAP is suspected, radiologic studies need to be done. If a newer or persistent chest radiographic abnormality is found, bacteriologic studies need to be performed, and empiric therapy should be started. The presence of a cavity by radiography or positive blood culture with the same pathogen isolated from the respiratory secretions confirms the diagnosis.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
A. Incorrect response: Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic pathogen.
B. Incorrect response: Candida albicans is a fungus.
C. Correct response: The most common gram-negative pathogen responsible for the development of VAP is the gram-negative bacillus Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
D. Incorrect response: Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative bacillus
In the communication technique of collaborating, the nurse sends the message that the nurse and pati
When working with the patient with impaired hearing, the interpreter needs to direct questions to th
Testing Visual Fields by Confrontation: The nurse and patient should be approximately at an eye to e
Photograph of an occupational therapist assisting a patient with learning independence in activities
Psoriasis. This photograph demonstrates the characteristic white skin patches of this condition.
El Niño demonstrates the atmosphere-ocean connection