Which of the following statements refer(s) to the conclusion(s) ...

[sheilaspns]

Which of the following statements refer(s) to the conclusion(s) of studies conducted to investigate the relationship among delivered volume, ventilator pressure, and the development of pulmonary edema? I. High volume ventilation caused less injury when PEEP was added.II. No pulmonary edema developed when high pressures and high tidal volumes were used. III. Pulmonary edema developed when low pressures and high tidal volumes were used. IV. No pulmonary edema was produced when high pressures and low tidal volumes were used.
 
  A. I only
  B. II, III only
  C. I, III, IV only
  D. II, III, IV only

Question 2

Which of the following clinical conditions has the subsequent radiographic manifestations? Chest radiography: multiple small and large parenchymal cysts; linear streaks of air extending to the mediastinum; perivascular halos from air collections; intraseptal air; subpleural cysts; salt-and-pepper appearance.
 
  A. asthma
  B. lung overdistentionC. pulmonary interstitial emphysema
  D. pneumomediastinum

[tkempin]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
A. Incorrect response: See explanation C.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation C.
C. Correct response: In a study conducted by Webb and Tierney: (1) less pulmonary edema occurred when high volumes along with PEEP were used for ventilation, and (2) ventilation with a high PIP and 0 cm H2O PEEP produced more pulmonary edema.
According to research performed by Dreyfuss et al, (1) pulmonary edema developed in those ventilated with high pressures/high tidal volumes, (2) pulmonary edema occurred in those ventilated with low pressures/low tidal volumes, and (3) no pulmonary edema developed in those ventilated with high pressures/low tidal volumes.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation C.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
A. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
B. Incorrect response: See explanation D.
C. Correct response: Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) has the following radiographic characteristics: multiple small and large parenchymal cysts; linear streaks of air extending to the mediastinum; perivascular halos from air collections; intraseptal air; subpleural cysts; salt-and-pepper appearance.
D. Incorrect response: See explanation D.