Which of the following can cause an elevated right arterial ...

[Melani1276]

Which of the following can cause an elevated right arterial pressure?
 
  a. Cardiac tamponade
  b. Third-degree heart block
  c. Decreased ventricular compliance
  d. Left ventricular failure

Question 2

A patient in the ICU has a chest X-ray that shows bilateral infiltrates and has the following he-modynamic measurements: central venous pressure (CVP) 5 mm Hg,
 
  pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) 24/13 mm Hg, and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) 21 mm Hg. These findings are consistent with which of the following?
  a. Pulmonary hypertension
  b. Right ventricular failure
  c. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
  d. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

[zoeyesther]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
BOX 11-3 Causes of Abnormal Right Atrial and Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) Values and Patterns
Abnormal Values Abnormal Patterns
Elevated Right Atrial Pressure (RAP)
Volume overload
Right ventricular (RV) failure
Tricuspid stenosis or regurgitation
Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
Chronic left ventricular (LV) failure
Elevated Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP)
Volume overload
Left ventricle failure
Mitral stenosis or regurgitation
Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
High PEEP
Low RAP or PAOP
Hypovolemia Large a Waves
Tricuspid/mitral stenosis
Decreased ventricular compliance
Compliance
Loss of atrioventricular synchrony
Third-degree block
Any other electrical dissociation
Absent a Waves
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Junctional rhythms
Paced rhythms
Ventricular rhythms

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
The central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) are both within normal limits. Therefore, there is no pulmonary hypertension and no right ventricular failure. The elevat-ed pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) along with the bilateral infiltrates is consistent with cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to left ventricular failure. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema would not cause an elevated PAOP.