Which of the following conditions causes a pressure-volume loop ...

[ts19998]

Which of the following conditions causes a pressure-volume loop during volume-controlled con-tinuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) to extend farther to the right and flatten out?
 
  a. Asthma
  b. Bronchitis
  c. Emphysema
  d. Pneumonia

Question 2

Identify the type of flow waveform the ventilator is delivering from the flow-volume loop be-low.
 
  a. Ascending ramp
  b. Rectangular
  c. Descending ramp
  d. Exponential decay

[matt]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
The extension to the right and flattening out of the pressure-volume loop during VC-CMV is in-dicative of decreasing compliance. This could be caused by pneumonia. Asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema all have increased airway obstruction.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The inspiration is above the baseline and expiration is below the baseline in the flow-volume loop. The inspiratory flow pattern is rectangular.