Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
What is being shown in the figure is a peak pressure of 20 cm H2O and then a very slow drop in the pressure over the course of approximately 1 second. Normally, as soon as the peak inspiratory pressure is reached, the pressure drops rapidly and remains at baseline until the next breath is given. A clogged expiratory filter will increase the resistance in the filter. This will cause there to be difficulty exhaling through this filter, showing up as a slow drop in pressure during the exha-lation period. An inspiratory hold would cause there to be a plateau in the pressure-time scalar. Excessive secretions in the airway would elevate the peak inspiratory pressure to a point where the maximum safety pressure may be reached. The presence of negative end-expiratory pressure (NEEP) would pull the pressure down rapidly from the peak and drop it slightly below the base-line during that time.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: C
If you manipulate the formula: Flow = Volume change/Time to Volume/Flow = Time, and use the numbers from this example, it can be shown that by increasing the flow rate the inspiratory time will decrease. Since the frequency remains constant, then the inspiratory time will decrease, thereby increasing expiratory time.
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