A normal cough reflex includes which of the following phases? 1. ...

[lak]

A normal cough reflex includes which of the following phases? 1. Irritation 2. Inspiration 3. Compression 4. Expulsion
 
  a. 1, 2, and 3 only
  b. 1 and 4 only
  c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
  d. 2 and 3 only

Question 2

Which of the following can provoke a cough? 1. Anesthesia 2. Foreign bodies 3. Infection 4. Irritating gases
 
  a. 2 and 4 only
  b. 1, 2, and 3 only
  c. 3 and 4 only
  d. 2, 3, and 4 only

[tennis14576]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
As shown in Figure 43-1, there are four distinct phases to a normal cough: irritation, inspiration, compression, and expulsion.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Infection is a good example of cough stimulation due to an inflammatory process. Foreign bodies can provoke a cough through mechanical stimulation. Chemical stimulation can occur when irri-tating gases are inhaled (e.g., cigarette smoke). Finally, cold air may cause thermal stimulation of sensory nerves and produce a cough.