What is indicated by the breathing pattern known as abdominal ...

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What is indicated by the breathing pattern known as abdominal paradox?
 
  a. Obstructive lung disease
  b. Restrictive lung disease
  c. Heart failure
  d. Diaphragm fatigue

Question 2

While observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then de-crease, followed by a period of apnea. Which of the following are potential causes of this abnor-mality?
 
  1. Central nervous system disorder
  2. Congestive heart failure
  3. Metabolic acidosis
  a. 1 and 2 only
  b. 2 and 3 only
  c. 1 and 3 only
  d. 1, 2, and 3

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
This is recognized by inward movement of the anterior abdominal wall during inspiratory efforts and is seen best with the patient in the supine position. This sign is called abdominal paradox.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Table 16-2 describes some of the common abnormal patterns of breathing and their causes.