What definition of atelectasis would best fit that of a premature ...

[Pineappleeh]

What definition of atelectasis would best fit that of a premature newborn with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
 
  a. Partial or total collapse of previously expanded lung regions
  b. Free pleural air compressed the lungs
  c. Enlarged heart causing compression of the lungs
  d. The lungs remaining unexpanded since birth

Question 2

Which of the following is/are major mechanism(s) that contribute to the pulmonary hypertension commonly seen in a patient with a pulmonary embolism?
 
  1. Decreased cross-section area of the pulmonary vascular system
  2. Vasoconstriction induced by alveolar hypoxia
  3. Reflexes from the aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors
  4. Vasoconstriction induced by humoral agents
  a. 1
  b. 2, 3
  c. 1, 2, 4
  d. 1, 2, 3, 4

[leahm14]

Answer to Question 1

D
A premature newborn with RDS will have atelectasis because the lungs remain unexpanded since birth. In most instances, atelectasis would be defined as the partial or total collapse of previously expanded lung regions. Free pleural air and an enlarged heart are examples of causes of atelectasis but are not definitions for it.

Answer to Question 2

C
Three things can lead to pulmonary hypertension after a pulmonary embolism: less area for blood to flow through, alveolar hypoxia, and released humoral agents (serotonin and prostaglandin). Baroreceptors are stimulated by hypotension and cause the heart rate to increase.